By: DonaJayne Potts, Loma Linda University Health News

Now that the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended wearing face masks in public to slow the spread of COVID-19, it’s important to know how to properly wash, disinfect, and handle reusable cloth masks.

Ryan Sinclair, associate professor of environmental microbiology at Loma Linda University School of Public Health, says his research supports the idea that fabric masks, when not properly disinfected, are carriers for bacteria, including E. coli, and viruses such as norovirus and coronavirus.

Sinclair says pathogens like bacteria and viruses can live on cloth fabric for longer than one may think — up to 8 to 12 hours. “Because we don’t know what germs we’ve been in contact with or how long the germs have been active on the cloth fibers, it is crucial to regularly wash, sanitize, and dry reusable face masks,” Sinclair says.

Part of wearing a mask is washing a mask. Here’s the best way.

How to Clean, Disinfect, and Dry Your Cloth Mask

Although it may be time-consuming to wash reusable masks daily, after each use, Sinclair says this healthy habit is essential to prevent germ transmission. “Have a few extra face masks on hand so they can be rotated,” Sinclair says. “That way, you will always have a fresh, clean mask ready to use.”

Masks made from a cotton material stand up best to hand or machine washing with bleach or other disinfectants. “These fabric masks are the easiest to clean and dry properly,” Sinclair says.

He says to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and warm water before and after handling soiled masks.

Launder Masks by Completing These Steps

1. Remove detachable parts like interior filters or elastic ear bands from a folded scarf or bandana before washing.
2. Place the mask in a mesh laundry bag to reduce entanglement with other clothes during machine washing.
3. Set machine water temperature to high, or use water that is 140° Fahrenheit (60° Celsius) or higher. Use the washer’s “sanitize” cycle if it has one.
4. Add a detergent that contains disinfectant or bleach to ensure you’re killing as many germs as possible.

• If washing by hand, prepare a bleach solution of five tablespoons of bleach per gallon of water, soak for at least five minutes, and rinse thoroughly.

5. Dry masks on the highest dryer setting, or use direct sunlight to dry masks. Because household dryer     temperatures rarely reach the threshold temperature you need for disinfection, consider adding disinfectant dryer sheets or dryer sanitizers.

1. • Ultraviolet light from the sun can kill up to 99.99 percent of pathogens on the sun-facing surface of a mask if it is left in the bright sun during the middle of the day for at least one hour. It is best to allow masks to be exposed to the sun and heat for an entire day — flipping it over at midday. Hang the masks to dry or construct a dedicated portable box or surface for solar disinfection.

Face Mask Hygiene Etiquette

To further reduce the risk of infection, Sinclair offers these hygiene etiquette tips:

• Always wash your hands or use hand sanitizer before you put on your mask.
• Make sure your mask is facing the right direction, so your face is not touching the mask exterior.
• Wear your mask snuggly over both your nose and mouth.
• Try not to touch the mask while you’re wearing it.
• When removing the mask, touch only the attached strings or elastic bands. Hold it by the elastic or place the mask on a sanitized surface until you’re ready to wear it again; or throw it directly into the washing machine when you get home. Then rewash your hands.

In addition, Sinclair advises washing your hands frequently, keeping surfaces at home sanitized, and avoiding any touch of high-traffic public areas like counters, handrails, and doorknobs.

“If you practice these habits, you will be less likely to contract the virus, whether it’s on your mask or another surface,” Sinclair says.

The original version of this story was posted on the Loma Linda University Health news site.