BY JAMES E. APPEL
WALK THROUGH THE GATE. MY TCHADIAN robes swish gently as I
stride forward purposefully. It's Saturday. The sun is newly up, and I have
a purpose. I want to round quickly on the hospitalized patients and make it
to church. But that won't happen today. God has other plans. My mind wanders
back . . . of all the remote places in the world, how did I end up in Béré?
In Tchad? In Africa?
I was sitting in my cousin's den in Collegedale, Tennessee,
staring at a computer screen. I felt my heart quicken. They needed physicians
desperately for the family practice residency at the Adventist Hospital in Ile-Ife,
Nigeria. Was this what I was looking for? Was this the answer to my question
"God, where should I go, what should I do?" I wrote back, little realizing
I was releasing a chain of events that would quickly lead me to Nigeria and
eventually to Tchad.
I approach the clinic. There is a mother sitting outside on
a broken metal chair with a splintered wood seat and no back. An infant is in
her arms. Coming out of his scalp is an IV. Attached to the IV is a tube filled
with blood. The blood runs from a bag hanging by a coat hanger to the bars on
the charge nurse's office window. There is a metal tray on another chair. On
the tray is a bloody IV catheter needle. Next to it is a wad of cotton, an empty
IV tubing bag, and a roll of tape.
I turn the corner and enter the ER (emergency room). Dimanche
fills me in. Malaria. Severe anemia. Took 40 sticks to find the vein. Had to
use the scalp. Our third in 24 hours. Yesterday two died. Same disease. One
died in front of Anatole's eyes as he frantically searched for the vein. Would
this one's fate be the same?
I remember the first time I saw Dimanche and Anatol . .
.After writing back to the Ile-Ife Hospital, I
was called one evening by Dr. Richard Hart, chancellor of Loma Linda University
and president of Adventist Health International (AHI). He asked if I could make
it out that week to meet with him and Monita Burtch from the Central African
Union. It was there I first heard about Béré, a small Adventist
hospital in the middle of one of the poorest countries in the world, which had
been without a Seventh-day Adventist physician (and often without any doctor)
for more than 10 years. It was tiny, poor, and undeveloped, and in the middle
of becoming part of a national project to develop a health-care system in a
country without one. I was intrigued. I was ready to sign up that same day.
They told me to think about it, and suggested that I visit Ife and Béré
before making a decision. So I did . . .
I'd just traveled five days from Nigeria (where I'd completed
a residency rotation) by plane, taxi, minibus, motorcycle, and canoe to the
tiny Béré Adventist Hospital. I then had only about five hours
to see the place that might one day be my home before racing back to N'Djamena,
the capital of Tchad, to catch my plane to return to the United States. It was
in those five hours that I briefly met Dimanche in the midwife's office and
Anatole in the lab.
I grab my stethoscope and make rounds. Before I finish, Martin
comes to tell me there is another case. I hurry back as fast as one can when
wearing a dress (Arabic robe). There in the shadows of the unlit ER is another
baby struggling. I quickly examine him. Heartbeat 180. Conjunctiva white. Palms
pale. Respiration labored. Limp. Tired. Eyes shut. This one can't be long for
this world. Jacob and Anatole are there already. As they prepare to type and
cross-match the child for a blood transfusion another baby arrives.
I recognize the mother. She is dressed in brightly colored
cloth wrapped around her body and head in Arabic fashion. She has henna stains
on her hands, and the scent of incense and savory oils. She has just had two
children hospitalized here. She's pregnant again. In her arms is a 3-year-old
with coffee-colored skin, huge brown eyes, and a white-and-black-bead necklace
just at her throat. She is tired and breathing fast. I take her pulse. 160.
Her eyelids are colorless as well. Quick decision. I tell them to stop with
the other child and type and cross-match this one first. She is more likely
to survive.
Having signed up for the deferred mission appointee program
while in medical school at Loma Linda, I knew I'd be spending six years somewhere
in the developing world . . . but Béré? I'd never even heard of
Tchad, much less Béré. Béré is not even on most
maps of Tchad. To find it, one has to have a decent map of Tchad that will at
least show Kélo and Lai. Then, about halfway in between, one can imagine
a small village of mud-brick, thatched-roof huts. My major fear about coming
to Béré was, "How will I survive?" I worried mostly
about food and water and isolation--those have turned out to be the least of
my worries.
The first kid matches blood with both mom and dad. O+. The
second child matches with mom, O+, but mom's pregnant and dad hasn't arrived
yet. Anatole has meanwhile started an IV with quinine on the Arab girl while
Martin has started the quinine on the first. Anatole then draws the blood from
the dad for the sickest baby while we wait for the papa of the Arab child to
arrive. The transfusion is started. The kid is still alive, and soon starts
to breathe easier as the life flows back into him through the blood.
Meanwhile, the little girl's father arrives. I recognize him
immediately. He was the one who was stabbed right outside my office, leaving
drops of his blood all along the hallway. During the fight I'd been in the ER
with a kid seizing from malaria and an infant twitching with tetanus. That was
three months ago. Hard to believe. We'd operated on the man twice, and he'd
been in the hospital almost two weeks recovering. He looks great. Jacob draws
his blood. It's a match, and the girl gets her essential life-giving red fluid
pumping into her veins.
I often ask myself what I'm doing in a town of 60,000 people,
without plumbing, electricity, paved roads, sewers, clean water, or telephones;
where people still live by plowing fields with plows and oxen or by hand, and
plant rice, millet, and corn by hand. I wonder what I was thinking to make me
agree to come to work in a district hospital covering an area of 140,000 inhabitants
as the only doctor. I must be crazy to work in a hospital with leaky roofs,
falling-down ceilings, electricity by generators only at night for a few hours
and during emergencies, no mattresses, broken windows and doors, cracked paint,
bats in the rafters, mice and bugs in the walls, no toilets, no x-ray or other
imaging, minimal lab facilities, tuberculosis patients coughing all over everyone
because there's no isolation ward; and with pigs, chickens, and goats running
around (until we built a fence . . . now only the ducks get in occasionally).
What was I thinking!
I go finish rounds. The baby with the scalp IV has finished
his transfusion and looks better. As I'm walking back past the ER, Anatole says
I need to look at the little girl. She's seizing he says. I go look at her.
Her skin is scalding. Temperature 104.9? F. She is shivering uncontrollably
as we try to cool her down with water and fanning. She just has the chills,
not seizures. I speed up the blood transfusion, as her heart rate is still fast.
Martin comes to tell me the other boy isn't doing well. He
is lying on the plastic of the exam table with his blood slowly dripping in.
Just a few milliliters left. He's exhausted. I notice he's breathing slowly
with a few sighs. I place my stethoscope to his heart and hear it start to slow
down--too much even as I listen. I rub his back and pinch his feet. His heartbeat
picks up as he cries in pain and the adrenaline kicks in. I yell for Jacob to
bring the "respirateur" (bag-valve-mask for artificial respiration).
I continue to stimulate the kid every time the heart slows down. Jacob arrives
with an "aspirateur" for sucking out mucus from newborns' mouths.
I yell "Respirateur," and he bumbles off to get it. I'm afraid it
won't arrive in time. After what seems an eternity, Jacob arrives, and I start
to try to breathe for the baby.
A hospital without oxygen. Can you imagine? We do surgery
without real anesthetics (we use ketamine, which puts the person in a dissociative
state in which they're "awake" but nobody's home), or breathing tubes
(intubation). I find myself, as a family doctor, having to perform, at times,
major surgery, as I'm the most qualified person here (only two other hospital
personnel have their high school diplomas, and we have no registered nurses
. . . everyone is either a nurse's aide or apprenticed into nursing on the spot).
And our conditions for surgery are a far cry from what I'm used to . . . but
we have yet to have a single wound infection.
He fights the artificial breaths. Every time I try to breathe
he cries and struggles. He almost loses his IV. I've changed it from blood to
a quinine drip. I listen to his lungs. Filled with fluid. Overload from the
transfusion. I call for Martin to inject Lasix to clear
his lungs. He does. I continue to bag and stimulate as the heartbeat drops off
every time I stop, but responds nicely to his own adrenaline surge. Minutes
go by.
He hasn't urinated. I double the dose of medicine. Bag. Rub
the back. Keep the IV from being torn out. Try to keep my stethoscope balanced
on his chest so I can monitor his heart rate and see if any air is going into
his lungs.
He still hasn't urinated. I feel his bladder. Full. I push.
Urine squirts out. An hour has gone by. I stop bagging and watch. He seems to
be breathing O.K. His heart rate is fine . . . no, it's dropping off again.
I restart. Another half hour goes by. Finally, his lungs are clear. The quinine
is starting to kill the malaria. The blood has refurbished his worn-out circulation.
He breathes on his own. His heartbeat stays up. It's 3:00 p.m. I head home.
Home . . . always hard for me to define. I moved around
often as a child, since my father was an Adventist minister. I had a hard time
figuring out what God wanted me to do with my life. In college I took some nursing,
some psychology, some education, some premed, and some theology, ending up with
a B.A. in Theology along with the premed requirements, and was accepted to medical
school at Loma Linda University. There, I found myself liking everything some,
but nothing so completely that I'd want to do it the rest of my life. So I chose
the general path of family medicine.
Moving around, changing a lot, having to be adaptable, meeting
new people all the time, learning foreign languages, and my residency at Ventura
County Medical Center--I look back on all that now as God preparing me for Béré,
where anything and everything is possible and you never know what to expect,
except that it will be different than you thought, and the only surprise is
if everything goes as planned.
A few weeks later I find myself staring at another kid getting
a blood transfusion. This time, however, it's a little different. More personal.
"C'est mon sang qui coule dans ses veines," I remark to the nurses.
Neither the father nor the mother matched the baby's B+ type. So I offered to
part with a little of my own blood. Lona jabbed a huge needle in the big vein
right where my elbow bends, and before I knew it 150 milliliters of a dark-red
liquid was hanging in a bag ready to give life to a tiny, unknown African child.
As I watch the blood flow, I feel ambivalence. The moment is mystical, yet mundane.
I really don't know how to describe my feelings as I watch the blood slowly
drip down the IV tubing.
"The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the gospel,"
said one of the early Christians. It's one thing to run around giving blood
transfusions to save lives, even if it's your own blood. It's another thing
to have that blood slowly beaten, whipped, twisted, and pried out of you against
your will.
In one large Asian country today people are literally giving
their blood for the sake of their belief in Jesus. Brother Yun describes one
such experience: "As they drove throughout the day on the bumpy roads,
my handcuffs cut into my wrists so that blood splattered everywhere, covering
the walls of the van. The handcuffs cut so deep that my wrist bones were exposed.
I was in such agony I could hardly breathe. I was about to fall unconscious
because of the pain and loss of blood."
Those who think that perhaps that's an isolated case probably
don't know any of the 250 million Christians worldwide who are suffering persecution
today. "Dear friends, do not be surprised at the painful trial you are
suffering, as though something strange were happening to you" (1 Peter
4:12, NIV).
I gave my blood voluntarily this time. What about shedding
it unwillingly for something or Someone I believe in? The question haunts me.
Honestly, I'm afraid. Yet in some bizarre way, there really is "pow'r,
pow'r, wonder-working pow'r in the blood . . ."
_________________________
James E. Appel, M.D., is the physician at the Béré Health Center
in the Republic of Tchad, Africa.